Current Status of Embryo Transfer and in Vitro Embryo Production Using Ovum Pick-up in Cattle
نویسنده
چکیده
Embryo transfer is an important technology to improve and increase the high genetic value cattle in a short period in both daily and beef industries. This manuscript discussed current status of embryo transfer technologies in Japan and the world. The conception rates of embryo transfer both in fresh and frozen embryos were stable last two decades in Japan. Therefore, embryo transfer in Japan is considered to be basically matured in the current status. The number of embryo transfers increased using both in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos in the world, however, it has stagnated in Japan. Recently, embryo production by ovum pick-up (OPU) combined with in vitro fertilization (IVF)(OPU-IVF) has been developed and its efficiency becomes higher than that of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET). Furthermore, OPU-IVF is able to produce many embryos using oocytes obtained from pregnant donors, donors with reproductive disorder and pre-pubertal calves which could not produce embryos by the MOET. Therefore, the novel OPU-IVF system will increase its utilization as an alternative to the MOET embryo production system.
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